Operating mechanism of kitchen reversing rudders



F. L. IVIARTINEAU. I OPERATING MECHANISM 0f KITCHEN REVERSING RUDDERS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT.-27, I920.

Patented Aug. 15, 1922.

FRANCIS ures; MART'INEAII,"QE"LO1V\TII5QNI, EnGLANn."

OPERATING MECHANISM or KITCHEN nnvnnsrne nvnnnns,

Specification of Letters Patent. v 155 Application fi1ed.0ctober 27,21920. Serial No. .z419,919.f 1

ain, and resident of London, England have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to the Operating Mechanism of Kitchen Reversing Rudders, of which the following is a specification.

-This invention relates to mechanism for operating kitchen reversing rudders. that is rudders of the kind forming the. subject of British Patent No. 3249 of 1914.

As is well known a Kitchen reversing rudder involves two members adapted to be moved. in unison to effect steering and relatively one to the other to control the speed and direction of the travel, the arrangement being such-thatwith the engine orking at constant speed and in'one direction theship will proceed ahead as is ordinarily the case when the rudder is full open. leaves of the rudder are closed the propelling eflect of the engine is gradually reduced until a position is reached when the engine, although turning, will have the same effort ahead as astern andthe ship will remain'stationary. Further closing. of the rudder will cause theship to go astern and the maximum effort astern will be produced when the rudder is quite closed.

As a rule the rudders when closedmake an angle of 90 degrees with each other.

Each rudder therefore .has toioperate through 45 degrees to reach the fully open position.

Asit is usual to operate a rudder through 35 degrees each side of the centre, or 70 degrees in all for steering purposes each leaf of the Kitchen rudder must be capable of moving 70 plus 45 degrees, or. 115 degrees, that is 57%,; degrees each side of the centre line and the position when the rudder is full open (i. e., ahead) and in line with the keel will be 57%; less 35' degrees:

221], degrees forward of 'the centre line. With the rudder closed (i. e., astern) and in line with" the keel it will be 15 less 22:}: 22% degrees aft the centre line.

The object of the present invention is-to provide convenient and effective mechanism by which the desired movements can be effected and controlled, and the invention consists broadly in the provision of a pair of variable stroke, or variable delivery or other suitable pumps, each adapted to 0p erate a hydraulic motor operatively con- As the two nected to a rudder member, and means for. a,

contro-lling-thepumps whereby the rudder members can be operated in unisonto effect the steering and relatively tovefiect control of speed and direction of travel. The control devices comprise essentially devices under thecontrol of the operator for controllingthe pumps and'm'eans" whereby.

the, hydraulic motors automatically throw the pumps out of effectiveoperation when the rudder members have :moved to any desired position or relatlve'positions' and hold theruddermembers in such positions. This automaticallyoperating mechanism is preferably of the floating link or hunting and the hydraulic motors;

gear type interposed between ,thepuriips Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying draw ings illustratediagrammatically two methods ofcarrylng tout. the invention.

In the embodiment of the invention illus- Q trated by Fig. 1, the solidflrudder .stockl is connected to the starboard rudder and is surrounded by the hollow rudder stock- 2' connected to the portjrudder. Those are respectively coupledto the two tillers 3 and 4 oneof which therefore-operates the starboard rudder, and the other of which operates the. port-rudder. The, starboard tiller 3 is connected by means of a; connecting rod 7 and pins-5 and 9 with av twin ram, system tem associated with one tiller is coupled to i one variable delivery reversible hydraulic pump 15 by means of pipes 20 and 22 in such a manner that when the pump isro- 'tated in one direction and the stroke control spindle 18 is pulled outwards. from the pum the liquid flow will be from the cylinder 11'by way of-a pipe 20 into the pump 15 and through another pipe 22 into. the cylinder 12 thus causing one of the rams to move away from the rudderhead.

In the like manner the other hydraulic motor system is coupled to the second, pump .16 so thatwhen its control spindle 119 is drawn outwards from it, liquid 'willpass from acylinderZ-13. byaapipe 21-;to the. I

pump and he delivered through another pipe 23 to the other cylinder 14, causing the ram 10 of this cylinder to move away from the rudder head.

The two pumps are both coupled to and driven at approximately constant speed and continuously by an electric motor or other prime mover 17 or from the main engine or propeller shaft.

The control spindle 18of one of thepumps 15 is: connected to a floating lever 24 by a pin 26 at a suitable point between its extremities. One end of it is coupled by a suitable disposed connecting rod 30 and pins 28 and 32 tothe ram 9and this end of the floating lever therefore moves with the ram. The other end of the floating lever is coupled by a connecting rod 36 to a point between the extremities of a second floating lever 38. In like manner the control spindle 19 of the other pump 16 is coupled by pins 27 and 29 and a floating lever 25 one end of which is connected to the ram 10 and therefore moves with it.

The other end of the floating lever 25 is connected by a connecting rod 37 to a secondary floating lever 39. I

The two secondary floating levers 38 and 89 are at one end pivoted by a common pin 42 to a slide 43 guided-by a bracket 46 to move-in a straight line and having collars 44 and 45 fixedupon it so as to give a defined limited motion.

The other ends of the secondary floating levers 38 and 39 are coupled respectively by pins 47 and 48 and connecting rods 49 and 50 each to the inner arms of a pair of suitably pivoted bell-crank levers 53 and 54. These bell crank levers 53'and 54 are of the same dimensions but oppositely. disposed to one another and their outer arms are coupled together by a connecting rod 59 and pins 57 and 58', and are connected by a rod 60 to the steering mechanism on the bridge of'the ship. I

The centrally disposed spindle or slide 43 is also connected to mechanism adapted to be operated from the bridge to'control the speed and sense of motion of the ship.

The action of the gear is as follows For steering, if the steering rod 59 be considered as operated from the steering wheel so as to move towards to port side,

then the inner arm of one of the levers 33 and 54 will move forward and the outer arm of the other lever will move aft by a similar amount. -This will cause the control spindle of one of the pumps to he pulled memes? move forward until zero stroke position of the pump is reached. In other words the two ram systems move in opposite directions a like amount causing the pair of rudders to move as one unit over to starboard or port and rudder.

If, however, the control spindle 43 b moved in a forward direction, then both links move in the same sense and both the pump control members 18 and l9 are pulled out from the pumps causing both ram systems to move aft altering the angular relat-lion between the tillers and closing the rudc ers.

If the central spindle 43 be moved until the collar 45 aforesaid reaches the bracket 46 then each tiller will have moved through 45 degrees and the rudder will be closed giving the astern position. Control of the central spindle therefore alters the speed of the ship independently of the rudder position for a'steering operated by the quartermaster or helmsman. These two functions can-be performed at one and the same time, independently and without any interference the one with the other.

In the case of large and powerful installations the slight'errors caused by the angularity of the various connecting rods and levers might be a cause of trouble, and in such a case the system can'be modified in detail as illustrated by Fig. 2, whilst remaining absolutely similar in principle and sectors adapted to engage respectively correspondingly toothed sliding racks 68" and 65. The rack 65 is connected by a pin 28 to one end'of a connecting rod 80, theother end. of this connecting rod being connected by a pin 32 to' a projection formed on the ram 9.

A. worm orvspur wheel 69 is rotatively mounted on the end of the sliding rack and gears at one side with avsli ding worm or rack 72 adapted to slide in a fixed standard'or bracket 82. The other side of the worm or double sided rack 72 gears with a spur or worm wheel- 73 rotatively mounted on a standard or bracket 82-, and adapted to gear also with another rack or worm 75 arranged to slide at rightangles tosthe rack or mas er p p j worm 72. -The end of the rack or worm 75 is connected by a link 77 to a similar rack or worm 76 arranged to slide in a standard or bracket 83, and the end of the rack or worm 76 is connected by a rod 60 to the steering gear mechanism under the direct control of the operator or steersman.

The rack or worm 7 6 gears with a spur or worm 74 rotatively mounted on the standard or bracket 83 and adapted to also gear with one side of a worm or double sided rack 71 arranged to slide in the said standard or bracket 83 at right angles to the rack or worm 76. The other side of the worm or rack 71 gears with one side of a spur or worm wheel 70, while the opposite side of The worm or spur wheel 70 is rotatively mounted on the end of a sliding worm or rack 67 gearing with a toothed sector on one end of a rocking member 63 pivoted on a slide 62 forming or secured to the end of the controlling spindle of a pump 16 adapted to operate the port ram 1-0 by means of the passages 21 and 23 leading to the ram cylinders 13 and 14 respectively. I

The other end of the rocking member 63 is formed as a toothed sector gearing with the silding rack 66' of which the end is connected by a pin 29 to one end of a connected rod 31, the other end of this connecting rod being connected by a pin 33 to a projection formed on the ram 10. a

The spur or worm wheels 69 and 70 may be substituted by double ended toothed sectors.

The connecting passages between the pumps 15 and'16 and the ram cylinders 11;

I 12, 13 and 14 are the same as in the plant shown in Fig. 1, and the rockin members 63 and 64 operate in the samemanner as the corresponding floating levers 24: and 25 Fig, l, and the wormor gear wheels 69 and 70 as the corresponding floating levers 38 and 39 h ig. 1.

arious positions of the tiller are indicated at a, Z), 0, (Z and e in Figs. 1 and 2.

a is the position of the starboard tiller when the vessel is going ahead with the rudder at 35 to starboard.

Z) is the position of the starboard tiller when the vessel is going ahead with the rudder amidship.

0 is the position of the starboard tiller when the. vessel is going ahead with the rudder at 35 to port.

(Z is the position of the starboard tiller when the vessel is'going astern with the rod der amidship.

e is the position of the starboard HU when the vessel is going astern with the rudder at 35 to port. a 6 0 al and e are the corresponding positions of the rams 9 and 10. 1

control spindles can either be used as racks and given rectilinear axial motion or be Theworms 75, 7e and 78 operated'by the mounted so as to have no end motion and be operated. rotationally which ever is more convenient. In eithercase the eiiect will be similar, and as described in connection with the lever example previously given.

, Constructionally however the arrangement with worm wheels elirn es errors due to angular motion of thelevers, and also gives an arrangement capable of being mounted all'on one bedplate as a unit and occupying less space than the lever system.

By using racks, or worms operating as such, adjustments can be easily made by rotating the worm and in like Inanner wear can be minimized orcompensated for by use of a new part of the worm surface.

What I claim and desire to secure :by Letters Patent is v 1. Kitchen rudder operating mechanism provided with starboard and port tiller operating mechanism each consisting of a floating lever connected at one end by a connecting rod to a doubleended ram orplunger working in cylinders and adapted to be op erated by a variablethrow'or delivery pump having a controlling spindle connected to a slide carryingthe fulcrum of the said floating lever, the other end of the floating lever being connected by a link to the fulcrum eta secondary floating lever of which one end is adapted to be moved by reversing and speed controlling mechanism adapted to be operated directly by the operator, the other 1 end of the secondary floating lever being connected by a link to one arm of a bell crank lever of which the other arm is convnected to mechanism operable by steering gear adapted to be operated directly by the operator.

2. Kitchen rudder operating mechanism in accordance with claim 1 wherein the opcratingarms of the bell crank levers are I linked together in such a manner that their transmitting arms move simultaneously in opposite directions and so operate the pump controlling spindles in oppositedirections,

a mannerthat the transmittingfulcrums of .the levers move simultaneously in the same directionand so operate the pump controland wherein both of the secondary levers are pivoted to a common operatlng rod ln'such 

